ARCHITECTURAL WORLD

GI SHEETS MANUFACTURING A highly automated hot dip process in conjunction with controlled temperature is employed to process the galvanized steel. In order to produce a galvanized steel with excellent resistance to corrosion, rust-free and devoid of any galvanizing defects zinc and antimony etc. of highest purity are applied with proper pre treatment of the substrate and controlled process of galvanizing. To further enhance the quality of sheet and make it white rust proof a special chemical treatment is applied on the zinc coated surface. TYPES THESE SHEETS ARE AVAILABLE IN TWO TYPES- PLAIN GI SHEETS. SIZES AVAILABLE ARE- 8’ X 3’ 8’ X 4’ GAUGE- 30 , 28 , 26 , 24 CORRUGATED GI SHEETS- SIZES AVAILABLE ARE- 27’’ , 30’’ WIDTH 8’ , 10’ , 12’ LENGTHS USES IT IS MOSTLY USED IN TEMPERORY STRUCTURES LIKE CONTRACTORS CABIN ON SITE, SHEDS. MANDAPS SMALL ROADSIDE SHOPS ETC… IT IS ALSO COMMONLY USED IN INDUSTRIES. ALSO COMMONLY USED IN VILLAGES FOR ...

INTRODUCTION The timber is obtained by felling of trees. Timber is used due to following reasons climate avaibility site HISTORY Since timber was abundant in Japan it was chiefly used for construction Timber resists earthquake. The timber joinery is flexible. Initially greek columns and entablature were in timber. Later timber forms were imitated in stone with remarkable exactness, so greeks are called ‘carpenters in marble. Since greeks did not have proper tools carving stone, timber was used. MAIN-DANUBE CHANNEL FOOTBRIDGE, GERMANY The site is in abroad flat river valley, between steep wooded slopes where there is an an ancient castle and picturesque village of Essing. The bridge has a close engagement of surroundings and landscape. ALLWELT HOUSE-WILLIAM TURNBULL The house is traditional on outside , unique on the inside , appropriate to its context both formally and climatically due to use of timber. FINNISH PAVILLION-ALVAR AALTO The interior finish was of wood with different p...

EARTHQUAKE RISK MANAGEMENT A.ABOUT EARTHQUAKES B. BUILDING RESPONSE C. DESIGN PRINICIPLES D. CONSTRUTION TECHNOLOGY E. EPILOGUE A:ABOUT EARTHQUAKES GENESIS Earth has four main layers 1. CRUST: 5-10 Km thk. bellow sea – Basalt type & 35 -70 Km thk. bellow land mass – Granite type It is thinner than apple skin. There are cracks in the crust dividing it in to 7 Major & 13 minor plates covering globe. MANTLE: 2900 Km thick, a mixture of molten & plastic rocks – Magma having Convectional Currents triggering volcanic action and imparting movement in Crustal plates. 3. OUTER CORE: 2200 km thk. having liquid metal. 4. INNER CORE: 2900 km across having solid Metal, mainly iron. Chains of volcanic ridges encircle the earth beneath its oceans. Magma in ridges exudes through cracks in the old sea bed. It then cools & hardens in to new crust. Earth’s ever widenin...

What is combustibility of material? Combustibility of building material is the time factor required for material to burn until the breakage of its strength. There is now a fast awareness to design the structure in such a manner that the safety of occupants is assured to maximum possible extent . Once the fire starts, it tends to ignite all the combustible material in the surrounding areas & in case it is not checked it may spread to other areas in building. If the fire is not controlled within the reasonable period it may lead to collapse entire structure. It is not possible to attain absolute safety from fire but by adopting certain measures it is definitely possible to provide reasonable safety from fire. The byproduct of fire I.E. The smoke & hot toxic gases causes maximum damage to human life. Smoke reduces the visibility & hot toxic gases produce suffocating effect & the combined effect of both bring mass panic which turns maximum damage to life. Thus besides mak...

BITUMEN.... ??? Binding material present in asphalt. Hydrocarbon obtained from distillation of crude petroleum. Black or brown in colour & obtained in solid n semi solid state. Contains 87%-carbon,11%-hydrogen,2%oxygen. USES.... !!! Damp proof course Water proofing of roof, tanks,basements,swimming pools,etc... Preparing paints & roofing felts Filling cracks in masonry structures,for stopping leakages DIFFERENT FORMS OF BITUMEN.... Bitumen emulsion: Liquid containing bitumen to a great extent in aqueous medium. Blown bitumen: Used as roofing &damp-proofing felts,manufacture of pipe asphalt &joint fillers,as heat insulating material. Cut-back bitumen: Can be applied cold as a bitumen paint. Plastic bitumen: Used for filling cracks in masonry structures,for stopping leakages etc. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BITUMEN FELT.... Fibre-based bitumen felt Asbestos-fibre-based bitumen felt Glass-fibre-based felt Hi...

History ·       The first cinema was built in 1907. Early UK and USA cinemas developed ornate, escapist interiors, the amount of absorptive finishes not being critical when silent movies were accompanied by orchestra or organ. ·       Later on the size of the movie theatre increased; the 1927 Roxy in New York housed 6000 people. ·       Sound systems were initially primitive, and then loudspeakers replaced simple, single speakers. ·       In 1950s, wide screens became necessary. The aim was greater sound-in-space effect from surround sound systems. Design criteria Design is considered under the following headings: 1.      Development 2.    Size 3.    Isolation 4.    Seating 5.    Materials 6.    Ventilation Design criteria The elimination of reflective surfaces in a cinema hall is necessary not only because of low RT ,but also to preserve the directional effect of sound ,since the sound should appear to come from the projection screen So the loudspeakers are located behind the scr...

TYPES OF SOUND- AIRBORNE SOUND STRUCTURE BORNE SOUND Airborne sound originates in a space with any sound producing source and although it changes to structure-borne sound when the sound wave strikes the room boundaries it is still referred to as airborne because it originates in the air. Structure sound is generally understood as energy delivered by a vibrating or impacting source directly contacting the structure. Hence a child crying in an adjoining apartment is contributing to airborne sound but the same child bouncing a ball on the floor is creating structure-borne sound,in this case by impact. DISTINCTION BETWEEN AIRBORNE AND SRUCTURE-BORNE SOUND All sound transmission is both airborne and structure-borne since,once having entered the structure,the sound travels along the structure and causes the structure to vibrate,in turn generating airborne sound. Airborne sound is generally much less disturbing than structure borne, since its initial energy is very small and it decreases ra...

History Windows . . . architectural development . . . takeover of artificial lighting . . . renewal of interest in daylight . . . energy use . . . passive architecture . . . strategy . . . control ‘It is impossible to overestimate the important influence of natural light on the interior and exterior forms of buildings and on those who dwell in them. So daylight is the natural beginning’1 . From the earliest caves, daylight informed the lives of the inhabitants, initially in the difference between night and day; but as dwellings became more sophisticated, by means of openings or windows letting in light. The history of architecture is synonymous with the history of the window and of daylighting from the initial crude openings, letting in light and air, heat and cold, the window was the vehicle for the introduction of daylight, and ultimately to the wondrous interiors of the mediaeval cathedral, the Baroque churches or the many private buildings of the eighteenth century. The window has ...

Modelling of a shape derives from its physical form, whether round, square or otherwise, coupled with the way in which light plays on its surfaces. This is referred to as its modelling and when this derives from daylight or sunlight, giving light from a single direction, this provides a form which is perceived by the eye as having meaning, unambiguous. This is a different experience again from the form of an object or space resulting from a room lit by artificial light, where the overall light may be received from a multitude of light sources. The most usual daylight modelling is that derived from vertical windows at the side of a room, giving light from a single direction; this may be helped by windows from an adjacent wall which adds to the modelling; as the light will still be from the same overall direction, but adding to the total modelling. Two examples might be used to emphasize this, the first, a Greek Doric column where the light of day gives modelling to the entasis on the ro...

The importance of orientation in a building must be considered at the outset, when the architect is planning the location of the building on the site, the aim being to ensure the maximum availability of useful natural light and sunlight to the interior. There may of course be severe restrictions where the building is set into a rigid street pattern, or where there are severe external obstructions; but even in these circumstances the best use of the daylighting available should be considered. The architect will have the greatest flexibility to get the building orientation right on a greenfield site, where he can plan the site layout to take advantage of the sun path and the availability of the daylight. Taking an example from residential buildings in the northern hemi- sphere, and using the simple fact that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, it would be normal to ensure that those rooms which might benefit most from early morning light, such as a kitchen, morning room or ev...