Reaching the height of its popularity in the first decades of the 20th century, the Craftsman style in America was informed by both European and Japanese architectural design. The Craftsman style and the Arts and Crafts movement, of which Craftsman was a part, hearkened back to medieval times, when the creative labor of human beings rather than the constant hum of machinery was the driving force behind the built environment and craft objects. The Craftsman movement would reinvigorate handicraft, return the skilled artisan to a position of respect, and serve as a reminder that honest labor could be joyful rather than dehumanizing. In England the Arts and Crafts movement originated with such thinkers and architects as John Ruskin, William Morris, C.R.Ashbee, and M.H.Baillie-Scott. On the Continent, Craftsman buildings tended to use more masonry than wood, to incorporate tiled roofs, and to use half-timbered exterior ornamentation Encyclopedia of 20th-century architecture 612 with Tudor o...