The 20th century witnessed the sublevation of industrial town planning, the culmination of nearly 200 years of experimentation by employers in mining, lumber milling, and manufacture. Examples of purpose-built settlements can be found in antiquity, but it was the industrial revolution that propelled modern planning and development, creating a distinctive and easily recognized type. Where a single enterprise owned the site and employed an architect or landscape architect to design the factories and housing, there was real opportunity to advance the science of planning and reduce environmental despoliation. Before Parker and Unwin planned the garden city of Letchworth, England, for Ebenezer Howard and his benefactors, they planned the factory town of New Earswick (1902) for Benjamin Rowntree. Rowntree was a manufacturer who developed New Earswick as a single-enterprise town, following Lever and Cadbury, who earlier had founded Port Sunlight (1887) and Bourneville (1895), model industrial...