Canada’s architecture has been intricately bound up with the nation’s search for an identity distinct from European and American influences. At the dawn of the 20th Encyclopedia of 20th-century architecture 390 century, the lingering effects of England’s authority over Canadian political and economic affairs were still keenly felt, and Canadian architecture was held firmly in the thrall of Victorian trends. Although the major external influences on Canada’s architecture originally came from France and Great Britain, movements popular in the United States began to attract notice as Canada directed more interest toward the nation with whom it shared a common geography and a history of recent settlement. Nonetheless, the new century also represented a coming of age for Canada’s architects, as professional associations of architecture and engineering were established to ensure clients of minimum standards of practice and to enable Canadian architects to offer serious competition to British...